Born into a Jewish family in 1895 in the Polish city of Lodz, Jankel Adler is widely recognised as one of the key participants in the development of 20t? h?-century European modern and avant-garde art. He was the co-founder of the Young Yiddish (?Jung Jiddish?) group of artists in Poland and also a member of the Young Rhineland (?Junges Rheinland?) and the Cologne Progressives (?Kolner Progressive?) groups. Well-known to the German (and Polish) authorities as a politically active ‘cultural Bolshevist’, the Nazis branded him a "Degenerate" artist and Adler’s work was included in the infamous ?Entartete Kunst (? "Degenerate Art") exhibition in Munich in 1937.